References

Self-Experimentation in History

Seth Roberts mentions the following article about self-experimentation on his website: Poisonous snake venom vaccination: A case report of a non-physician directed experiment. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, January 2004, Volume 92, Number 1, Page 120, Item 71

Steve Kagen, M.D. mentions his involvment on his Curriculum Vitae:
Item #63: Kagen S and Muthiah R. Poisonous Snake Venom Anaphylaxis vaccination: A case report of a non-physician directed experiment.

Publications

1) Burma, DMR Working Group on Clinical Trial of Russell's Viper Venoid. Tropical Med. and Hyg, V80, PP.423-425, 1986.

2) Chippaux, JP. The Development and use of Immunotherapy in Africa. Toxicon, V36, NO.11, PP.1503-6, 1998.

3) Chippaux, JP; Goyffon, M. Venoms, Antivenoms and Immunotherapy. Toxicon, V36, NO.6, PP. 823-46, 1998.

4) Flowers, H. Active Immunization of a Human Being Against Cobra(Naja naja) Venom. Nature, V200, PP. 1017-18, 1963.

5) Haast, W; Winer, M. Complete and Spontaneous Recovery From the Bite of a Blue Krait. Am. J. of Tropical Med. and Hyg., V4, PP. 1135-37, 1955.

6) Harrison, R. Development of Venom Toxin Specific Antibodies by DNA Immunization. Vaccine, V22, PP. 1648-55, 2004.

7) Kagen, S; Muthiah, R. Poisonous Snake Venom Vaccination: A Case Report of a Non-Physician Directed Experiment(Tim Friede). Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, V92, No., 1, 2004.

8) Kawamura, Y; Sawai, Y. Study on Indian Cobra Venom Toxoid. The Snake, V21, PP. 6-8, 1989.

9) Kawamura, Y; Sawai, Y. Study on the Immunogenicity of Purified Toxoid of the Siamese Cobra(Naja naja kaouthia) Venom. The Snake, V21, PP. 81-4, 1989.

10) Kondo, H; Murata, R. The Safety of the Toxoid of Habu Venom. Japan J. of Med., V21, NO.4, PP. 299-300, 1968.

11) Kondo, H; Sadahiro, S; Kondo, S; Yamauchi, K; Murata, R. Immunogenicity of a Toxoid of Habu Venom in Various Animal Species(Including Man). Japan J. of Med., V24, PP. 365-377, 1971.

12) Kondo, S; Sadahiro, S; Yamauchi, K; Kondo, H; Murata, R. Preparation and Standardization of Toxoid from the Venom of the Habu. Japan J. of Med., V24, PP. 281-94, 1971.

13) Murata, R; Fukushima, H. Immune Response of Man to Habu Venom Toxoid. Japan J. of Med., V34, NO.4, PP. 197-212, 1981.

14) Murata, R; Kondo, H. Immunization of Human Beings with Habu Toxoid. J. of Formosan Med., V71, PP. 420, 1972.

15) New, R; Theakston, RDG. Immunization Against Snake Venoms. New England J. of Med., V311, NO.1, PP. 56-7, 1984.

16) Pergolizzi, R; Dragos, R; Ropper, A; Menez, A; Crystal, R. Protective Immunity Against a-Cobratoxin Following a Single Administration of a Genetic Vaccine Encoding a Non-Toxic Cobra Toxin Variant. Human Gene Therapy, V16, PP. 292-98, 2005.

17) Sadahiro, S; Kondo, S; Yamauchi K; Kondo, H; Murata, R. Studies on Immunogenicity of Toxoids from the Habu. Japan J. of Med., V23, NO.4, PP. 285-9, 1970.

18) Sadahiro, S; Kondo, S; Kondo, H; Ohsaka, A; Fukushima, H; Murata, R. Standardization of Habu Snake Venom Toxoid. Toxicon, V16, PP. 275-82, 1978.

19) Sawai, Y; Chinzei, H; Kawamura, Y; Okonogi, T. Studies on the Improvement of Treatment of Habu Bites. J. of Formosan Med., V71, 421-30, 1972.

20) Sawai, Y; Kawamura, Y. Studies on the Improvement of Treatment on Habu Bites. Japanese J. of Experimental Med., V39, NO.3, PP. 197-203, 1969.

21) Someya, S; Murata, R; Sawai, Y; Kondo, H; Ishii, A. Active Immunization of Man with Toxoid of Habu Venom. Japan J. of Med., V25, PP. 47-51, 1972.

22) Theakston, RGD. New Techniques in Antivenom Production and Active Immunization Against Snake Venoms. Trans. of the Royal Soc. of Tropical Med. and Hyg., V83, NO.4, PP. 433-5, 1989.

23) Wiener, S. Active Immunization of Man Against the Venom of the Australian Tiger Snake. Am. J. of Tropical Med. and Hyg., V9, PP. 284-92, 1960.

Books

24) Calmette, A. Venoms. Trans. by Ernest E. Austen, New York, 1908.

25) Cann, J. Snakes Alive. E.C.O., 2001.

26) Carnochan, F; Adamson, H. The Empire of the Snakes. Hutchinson and Co., 1935.

27) Crompton, J. The Snake. Nick Lyons Books, 1963.

28) Emmett, C. In the Path of Events with Colonel Martin Lalor Crimmins. Jones and Morrison Pub., 1959.

29) Friede, T. Venomous Snake Vaccinology: Surviving Snakebite(5th WCH, Africa). Session 3, Poster 28, 2005.

30) Klauber, L. Rattlesnakes. U. of California Press, 1982.

31) Kursh, H. Cobras in His Garden. Harvey House, Inc., 1965.

32) Webb, G; Powell, D. Henry Sewall. The John Hopkins Press, 1946.

Peer-Review(Tim Friede)

33) Dr. John Ballantyne(CSO, Aldevron).

34) Dr. Mike Chambers(President, Aldevron).

35) Dr. Pele Chong(Natl Health Research Inst., 7/05).

36) Dr. Daniel Dietrich(Univ. of Konstanz, 5/05).

37) Dr. Daniele Focosi(Div. of Hematology, Pisa, Italy).

38) Dr. L. Gauthier(MD, Wisconsin).

39) Dr. Shivaji Gawade(Al-Ameen College of Pharmacology, 10/04).

40) Dr. Franc Gubensek(Jozef Stefan Inst. 9/04).

41) Dr. John Harris(Univ. of Newcastle, 5/05).

42) Dr. Steve Kagen(Kagen Labs, 8/03).

43) Dr. Wasil Kahn(Wake Forest, 9/03,04).

44) Dr. Ramasamy Muthiah(Kagen Labs, 7/03).

45) Dr. Stanley Plotkin(Aventis Pasteur, 9/04).

46) Dr. Paul Potter(Univ. of Capetown, 7/05).

47) Dr. Findlay Russell(Univ. of Arizona, 5/04).

48) Dr. Michihisa Toriba(Japan Snake Institute, 5/04, 05).

49) Dr. Anthony Tu(CSU, 1/02, 04).

50) Dr. Ming Tu.

51) Dr. Jim Wallis(Red Rock Biologics, 11/05).

52) Rom Whitaker(Draco-India).

Presentations

53) Toriba, M; Friede, T. (Session 3, Poster 29) The Development of Vaccines Against Some Elapid Snake Venoms. Fifth World Congress of Herpetology, Stellenbosch, June 2005 , Abstracts and Programme, Page 130

54) Kagen, S; Friede, T. Poisonous Snake Vaccination: A Case Report of a Non-Physician Directed Experiment(Tim Friede). ACAAI National Meeting, New Orleans LA, 2003.

Medical Websites

55) DNAvaccine.com

56) DNA Vaccines on ImmuneSIG.org

Science Websites

57) Self-Immunization on Community of Science (COS)

Encyclopedias

58) Self-Immunization on Wikipedia

Reptile Websites

59) Lepidosauria